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Elizabeth Nihell
Elizabeth Nihell (1723-May 1776)〔Lisa Forman Cody, Birthing the Nation Sex, Science, and the Conception of Eighteenth-century Britons, 184〕 was an Englishwoman from London, who was a famous midwife, obstetrics writer, and polemicist. She was most famous for her outspoken stance against male midwives and for her publications.
==Background==
Elizabeth was born in 1723 in London, of French Catholic descents.〔BIU Santé, Paris, Banque D'images Et De Portraits, 1〕 There is little evidence on her earlier life before 1740 when she moved to Paris and married a man named Edmund or Edward Nihell who was a surgeon-apothecary.〔Lisa Forman Cody, Birthing the Nation Sex, Science, and the Conception of Eighteenth-century Britons, 185〕〔Anne Bosanquet, Inspiration from the Past (3). Elizabeth Nihell, the 'anti-obstetric' Midwife, 48〕 Her husband was an Irish Catholic from Clare.〔Lisa Forman Cody, Birthing the Nation Sex, Science, and the Conception of Eighteenth-century Britons, 185〕 He was the fourth son in a well-known family of merchants, medical men, and priests.〔Lisa Forman Cody, Birthing the Nation Sex, Science, and the Conception of Eighteenth-century Britons, 185〕 He also took his M.D. at Reims in 1740.〔Lisa Forman Cody, Birthing the Nation Sex, Science, and the Conception of Eighteenth-century Britons, 185〕 They did have at least one child however, there is little documentation on whether the child lived or not.〔Lisa Forman Cody, Birthing the Nation Sex, Science, and the Conception of Eighteenth-century Britons, 185〕 In 1754, Nihell and her husband moved to Britain in Haymarket where she started her career in midwifery.〔Lisa Forman Cody, Birthing the Nation Sex, Science, and the Conception of Eighteenth-century Britons, 185〕 By 1771, her husband had abandoned her, leaving her unable to financially support herself with just her work as a midwife.〔Lisa Forman Cody, Birthing the Nation Sex, Science, and the Conception of Eighteenth-century Britons, 186〕 Finally, in 1775 after facing many struggles, she had to turn to the parish for financial assistance. She was sent to the St Martins-in-the-Fields workhouse.〔Lisa Forman Cody, Birthing the Nation Sex, Science, and the Conception of Eighteenth-century Britons, 186〕 A year later, May 1776, Elizabeth died and was buried in a pauper grave.〔Lisa Forman Cody, Birthing the Nation Sex, Science, and the Conception of Eighteenth-century Britons, 186〕 However, the cause of her death and location of her grave is unknown today.
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